Electronic
Development Labs, Inc.
Toll-Free: 800-342-5335 Ph: 434-799-0807 / Fax: 434-799-0847
Basic Electrical Data
Trouble shooting fluorescent lamps
| Condition | What to look at and try |
| Lamp won't start | 1. Lamp failure 2. Poor lamp holder sockets 3. Incorrect wiring 4. Dirty lamps and or pins 5. Incorrect wiring 6. High humidity 7. Defective starters 8. High or low lamp temperatures 9. Ballast failure 10. Improper ballast 11. Fixture not grounded |
| Short lamp life | 1. Improper voltage 2. Poor lamp contact 3. Short duty cycles ( frequently turning the fixture on and off) 4. Defective lamps 5. Defective starters 6. Improper wiring 7. Improper or defective ballast |
| Lamp flickering and or spiraling / swirling | 1. New lamps with less than 100 hours
of service can exhibit this 2. Defective starters 3. Lamp to cold 4. Defective lamp 5. Improper voltage 6. Defective ballast |
| Audible hum | 1. Loose fixture parts 2. Insecure ballast mounting 3. Improper ballast selection 4. Defective ballast |
| Very slow starting | 1. Improper voltage ( to low ) 2. Poor lamp contact 3. Defective starter 4. Defective lamp 5. Improper wiring 6. High humidity 7. Improper ballast 8. High humidity 9. lamp temperature to high or to cold |
| Excessive ballast heat >90°C | 1. Improper fixture design or ballast
application 2. High voltage 3. Improper wiring or installation 4. Defective ballast 5. Poor lamp maintenance 6. Incorrect type of lamps 7. Incorrect number of lamps |
| Blinking | 1. Improper fixture design or ballast
application 2. High voltage 3. Improper wiring or installation 4. Defective ballast 5. Poor lamp maintenance 6. Incorrect type of lamps 7. Incorrect number of lamps 8. High ambient temperature |
Basic properties of some materials commonly used in wiring devices
| NYLON | MELAMINE | PHENOLIC | UREA | POLYVINYL CHLORIDE | POLYCARBONATE | |
| Tensile strength (psi) | 900-12,000 | 7,000-13,000 | 6,500-10,000 | 5,500-13,000 | 5,000-9,000 | 8,000-9,500 |
| Elongation (%) | 60-300 | 0.6-0.9 | 0.4-0.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 2.0-4.0 | 60-100 |
| Tensile modulus (105psi) | 1.75-4.1 | 12-14 | 8-17 | 10-15 | 3.5-6 | 3.5 |
| Compressive strength (psi) | 6,700-12,500 | 25,000-45,000 | 22,000-36,000 | 25,000-45,000 | 8,000-13,000 | 12,500 |
| Flexural strength (psi) | No break | 10,000-16,000 | 8,500-12,000 | 10,000-18,000 | 10,000-16,000 | 13,500 |
| Impact strength (ft-LB/in) | 1.0-2.0 | 0.24-0.35 | 0.24-0.60 | 0.25-0.40 | 0.4-20 | 12-16 |
| Rockwell hardness | R109-R118 | M110-M125 | M96-M120 | M110-M120 | 70-90 Shore | M70-R116 |
| Continuous temperature (°F) | 180-200 | 210 | 350-360 | 170 | 150-175 | 250 |
| Heat distortion @ 66 psi (°F) | 360-365 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 179 | 285 |
| Dielectric strength (volts/mil) | 385-470 | 300-400 | 200-400 | 300-400 | 425-1,300 | 400 |
| Arc resistance (sec) ASTM D495 | 100-105 | 110-180 | 0-7 | 110-150 | 60-80 | 10-120 |
| Burning rate (in/min) | Self extinguishing | Self extinguishing | Very low | Self extinguishing | Self extinguishing | Self extinguishing |
Table of standard magnet wire for winding coils
AWG OHMS WIRE DIA. APPROX. TURNS PER FEET PER
SIZE PER 1000 FT INCHES INCH, SOLID ENAMEL POUND
COVERED
1 .1264 .2893 X 3.9470
2 .1593 .2576 X 4.9770
3 .2009 .2294 X 6.2760
4 .2533 .2043 X 7.9140
5 .3195 .1819 X 9.9800
6 .4028 .1620 X 12.58
7 .5080 .1443 X 15.87
8 .6405 .1286 7.6 20.01
9 .8077 .1144 8.6 25.23
10 1.018 .1019 9.6 31.82
11 1.284 .0907 10.7 40.12
12 1.619 .0808 12.0 50.59
13 2.042 .0720 13.5 63.80
14 2.524 .0641 15 80.44
15 3.181 .0571 16.8 101.40
16 4.018 .0508 18.9 127.90
17 5.054 .0453 21.2 161.30
18 6.386 .0403 23.6 203.40
19 8.046 .0359 26.4 256.50
20 10.13 .0320 29.4 323.40
21 12.77 .0285 33.1 407.80
22 16.20 .0253 37.0 514.20
23 20.30 .0226 41.3 648.40
24 25.67 .0201 46.3 817.70
25 32.37 .0179 51.7 1031.00
26 41.02 .0159 58.0 1300.00
27 51.44 .0142 64.9 1639.00
28 65.31 .0126 72.7 2067.00
29 81.21 .0113 81.6 2607.00
30 103.7 .0100 90.5 3287.00
31 130.9 .0089 101 4145.00
32 162.0 .0080 113 5227.00
33 205.7 .0071 127 6591.00
34 261.3 .0063 143 8310.00
35 330.7 .0056 158 10480.00
36 414.8 .0050 175 13210.00
37 512.1 .0045 198 16660.00
38 648.2 .0040 224 21010.00
39 846.6 .0036 248 26500.00
40 1079 .0031 282 33410.00
Thermocouple type |
Temperature range °C |
Temperature range °F |
Standard limits of error |
Special limits of error |
B E J K N R or S T |
870 to 1700 0 to 870 0 to 760 0 to 1250 0 to 1250 0 to 1450 0 to 350 |
1600 to 3100 32 to 1600 32 to 1400 32 to 2282 32 to 2282 32 to 2642 32 to 662 |
±0.5% ±1.7ºC or ±0.5% ±2.2ºC or ±0.75% ±2.2ºC or ±0.75% ±2.2ºC or ±0.75% ±1.5ºC or ±0.25% ±1.0ºC or ±0.75% |
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